Empirical studies are nearly always presented in academic journals. They report on the process and results of primary research. They contain sections on: literature review, methods and materials, results and conclusions. Sometimes the sections have slightly different names. Empirical articles tend to be more complex than other types of literature, but the abstract can help give you a general understanding of what will follow in the article.
Below is an example of a empirical study published in a journal article. (click on image for full article)
You can tell it is a journal article because you can see the title of the journal, the volume, the pages and the date. This information is in the top left hand corner in the above example, but it can be on the opposite side, or at the bottom depending on the journal.
If you were going to cite the above journal in your bibliography, it would be cited as:
Bell, E. R., Greenfield, D. B., Bulotsky-Shearer, R. J., & Carter, T. M. (2016). Peer play as a context for identifying profiles of children and examining rates of growth in academic readiness for children enrolled in Head Start. Journal Of Educational Psychology, 108(5), 740-759. doi:10.1037/edu0000084
To cite the article within the text using parenthetical format, use:
(Bell et al., 2016)
Please consult the APA manual, printed guides located at the citation center, or the library's APA LibGuide.
Review articles can be found in academic journals. They report on the synthesis of information from multiple sources. In other words, the authors of a review article read and analyze many available articles on a given topic, and then present their analysis, along with what is known about the topic, and what gaps can be found in the research. Review articles may contain sections similar to those found in empirical studies, but they themselves are not considered to be primary research.
Below is an example of a review article published in a journal:
You can tell it is a journal article because you can see the title of the journal, the volume, the pages and the date. This information is in the top right hand corner in the above example, but it can be on the opposite side, or at the bottom depending on the journal.
If you were going to cite the above journal in your bibliography, it would be cited as:
Vekety, B., Logemann, H. N. A., & Takacs, Z. K. (2021). The effect of mindfulness-based interventions on inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behavior in childhood: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 45(2), 133-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025420958192
To cite the article within the text using parenthetical format, use:
(Vekety et al., 2021)
Please consult the APA manual, printed guides located at the citation center, or the library's APA LibGuide.
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